The most common type of kidney stone, calcium oxalate, is formed primarily due to an imbalance between calcium and oxalate levels in the body or a lack of adequate crystallization inhibitors. Hyperoxaluria is a significant contributor to nephrolithiasis, and the causes of excess urinary oxalate can be classified based on etiology into primary and secondary hyperoxaluria. Though both can present with kidney stones, the classifications differ in the extent of disease, rapidity of onset, and local and systemic complications. Even relatively small changes in urinary oxalate can have a very significant impact on kidney stone production. In addition, the presence of hyperoxaluria alone, without concurrent nephrolithiasis, also has deleterious effects on the kidney, resulting in fibrosis, acute kidney injury, and tubular atrophy. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of an effective, specific, simple treatment for this important contributor to recurrent nephrolithiasis. Therefore, clinicians caring for these patients should become familiar with the available testing and treatments for hyperoxaluria and endpoints to measure therapy effectiveness.
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- Start Date: 2023-09-01 05:00:00
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- Specialty: Adolescent Medicine, Bariatric Surgery, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Gastroenterology, General Pediatrics, General Surgery, Hospital Medicine, Medical Toxicology, Molecular Genetic Pathology, Nephrology, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Pediatric Endocrinology, Pediatric Gastroenterology, Pediatric Nephrology, Renal/Medical Renal, Urinary Tract